Shemetova Natalia
Abstract: The article is devoted to the types of property attributable to immovable one according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, and to factual and recognized by the Russian laws characteristics of real estate. The author distinguishes the criteria of attributing property to the immovable one and features of the real estate. The article examines the nature of the rights to the constructions in the Soviet legislation and determines two independent (horizontal) rights: the right of the landowner and the right to objects on the ground. The existence of structures with limited property rights, which are “adjoined” to the right of property according to the scope of powers, is noted in opposition to the classical principle of private law: “Should be located on the
surface of the earth”, or so-called “vertical” right of the ownership of the land. The author particularly examines the essence of the criteria of attributing property to the immovable one and the legal “content” of the criteria. At the same time, the author uses philosophical categories of form and content in the analysis of the legal nature of state registration of the immovable property right and immovable property transactions, as well as reveals the ratio of the terms “transaction form” and “the state registration of the immovable property rights and the immovable property transactions”. In particular, the author addresses the problem of restrictions of the immovable property rights in Russia according to subjective composition of owners (applicants for the emergence of the right).
Keywords: real estate; immovable property, land, soil, subsoil, continental shelf, object, surface, registration, state registration of the immovable property rights, legal regime, criteria, feature, property rights structure, things, physicality.