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The concentration camp represents the extreme form of totalitarian state’s total domination over a man. The aim of the article is to show dehumanization of a human being based on the Holocaust victims’ testimonies complemented by the stories of Gulag prisoners. The author primarily takes into consideration the memoirs of those witnesses that try to avoid unnecessary illusions, which conceal the truth and lead to the idealization of a human being. Relying on the testimony of Zalmen Gradovsky, the author tries to overcome shallow judgments about the members of Zondercommands that told us the harsh truth about the courageous behavior of the innocent victims sentenced to death in the gas chambers. 

Keywords: witness, genocide, dehumanization of a human being, Oswiecim, “The Grey Zone”, Zondercommand.

The article analyses the status of religious education at schools in European countries, taking into consideration different approaches, discussions about substance, forms and purposes of religious education. The authors conclude that in general religious education is seen as the important part of citizenship education, and at the same time, it depends on historical-cultural tradition and current socio-political situation in particular country. 

Keywords: religious education, citizenship education, post-secular society, intercultural dialogue.

The article is devoted to Reinhold Niebuhr's concept of "Christian realism". According to him, individuals are morally capable to consider interests of others and act prudently when they feel the contradiction between their own interests and other people’s interests. For Niebuhr, it is an explanation of the fact that dominant groups rarely yield their privileges, except the case when they found themselves under pressure of some countervailing social force. Niebuhr stressed the relevance of Christian love not as directly practicable political principle, but as the ideal toward which justice strives, and as the standard of judgment of all political achievements in history.

Keywords: political realism, morality, pacifism, intra- and inter-group conflicts.

The article deals with the circumstances of the accession of the Transcapathian Ukraine to the Soviet Union. The author shows how the area that had never belonged to the Russian Empire or to the Soviet Union became part of the Soviet Union with the knowledge and consent of the Administration of Czechoslovakia in 1945. In the authors’ opinion, the enhanced prestige of the Soviet Union as the victorious country that defeated the German fascism, the presence of the Red Army in Transcarpathia and the activity of the local communists supported by the Soviet military command played a decisive role in the growth of the pro-Soviet sentiment among the residents of Transcarpathia. Soviet Administration managed took advantage of all these factors in its policy of expanding post-war borders. 

Keyword: Munich Agreements of 1938, foreign policy of the USSR, Soviet and Czechoslovak relations, the Transcarpathian Ukraine, post-war borders in Eastern Europe.

The paper considers the following issue: does morality will disappear in the course of evolution of man and society, giving way to ethics and legal norms as social regulators. It is shown that such a statement is a consequence of thinking within the dominant liberal paradigm is driven by the idea of “the end of history”, implicitly reproduced in it, and it excludes the possibility of social change outside capitalism and liberalism. 

Keywords: morality, liberalism, capitalism, social change, political strife.

The article explores the peculiarities of the process of political modernization in the Arab East. The author highlights the key problematic features of the specific situa- tion of modernity faced by contemporary Arab societies. She argues that in the condi- tions of the dominance of anti-modernist ideologies and ongoing formation of nations it is the state that plays the role of main institution that encourage modernization in the Arab East.

Keywords: political modernization, Arab countries, modernity, modern institutions, globalization, state, plural society, asabiyyat, pan-Arabism, anti-modernism, conservative revolution.

The article analyses the mechanism of higher juridical education. The necessity of forming the educational policy, which takes into consideration the social-legal interests of Russian society, is underlined. The necessity to have practical component in such education and the reasons for that are observed in details, all possible recommendations are given.

Keywords: Russian student, Russian education, higher juridical education, scientific community, practical component of education, constitutional law.

The notion of a Civil-Law Contract regulation is formulated in the article, its place in the legal regulation of contractual relations is defined. The interaction between civil contract regulation and legal regulation of contractual relations is examined.

Keywords: civil-Law Contract, civil law contractual regulation, legal regulation, administrative legal regulation, court legal regulation, legal regulation, centralized, decentralized (autonomous, private) legal regulation.

The article is devoted to the contents of the right of ownership. The author in detail analyzes theoretical opinions about elements of the right of ownership and proposes a new theoretical model of the right of ownership. 

Keywords: property, right of ownership, individual right, legal relation, theoretical model of the right of ownership.

Citizen participation in grand jury for the determination of criminal charges’ reasonableness and the necessity of indictment are analyzed. The types of grand juries, their tasks and the duties of grand jurors are described.

Keywords: grand jury, investigatory juries, juries of accusation, regular grand jury, special grand jury, federal grand jury, state grand jury, county grand jury, multi- jurisdiction grand jury, grand jury composition, grand jury’s jurors, grand jury’s foreman, grand jury's clerk, grand jury’s secretary.