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The medical cognition is considered in the article as combination of natural-scientific, humanitarian and technological elements. The author argues that basic problem of medical knowledge is the absence of unified scientific theory of human being, which could explain health and malady in the framework of integral approach toward human being as the subject of culture.

Keywords: natural-scientific, humanitarian, technological elements of medical cognition, fundamental and applied aspects of medical knowledge about human being's health, norms and maladies, problem of integral scientific human being's pattern in the area of medical knowledge.

The article suggests the analysis of ontological strategies in the period of late antiquity and early Middle Ages. The author pays special attention toward second” sophistic. Ontological dimension of the epoch is considered as interaction and rivalry of philosophical, Gnostic and patristic traditions.

Keywords: ontology, sophistic, Gnosticism, hermeneutics, patristic, theory of nomination, mythological approach toward language.

The author analyzes the following methodological approaches toward the subject of political philosophy: positivistic, values-based, deontological, conceptological, multiparadigmal, discoursive, structural-philosophical.

Keywords: subject sphere, political philosophy, positivism, values-based approach, deontological approach, concept, concept-sphere, paradigm, discourse, feminist theory.

The article focuses on analysis of the ways of optimization of the state monopoly on intellectual norms, institutions, legal violence. The author studies the cases when such monopoly starts to be ineffective, or co-exists with alternative regulatory systems, or produces unexpected results. Attention is given to the analysis of the state efforts to overcome heterarchies and excluded components of sociality by restricting them, by incorporating uncontrolled institutional, intellectual, geographical spaces, partial societies into a universal monopoly of a “great society”.

Keywords: monopoly, state, heterarchy, centre, periphery, legitimating of the political regime, actors and factors of social transformation.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the link between process of democratization and militarization of social life in antiquity. The author argues that the very extension of militarization in long run was accompanied by widening of democracy.

Keywords: aristocracy, military discipline, democratization, hoplite democracy, political regimes of antiquity, estate etos.

The article considers the perspectives of institutional approach toward changes of political system in order to overcome methodological shortage of subjectivistic models. The analysis of the development of federal relations demonstrates that stable interaction between political actors is a functional feature of federalism and key factor of federal system transformation.

Keywords: institutionalism, rational choice theory, elitist approach, federalism, federative practices.

The article studies the existing theoretical approaches toward conceptualization of territoriality, proves their methodological insufficiency and suggests directions for the development of the issue.

Keywords: world system, transformation, political space, structure, territoriality.

Authors analyze types of "capital" ambitions in the Russian regions.

Keywords: capital, capital ambitions, regionalism, federalism.

The aim of the article is to analyze theories of electoral cycles, to determinate electoral cycles in Russia and to demonstrate the influence of elections upon political development in Russia.

Keywords: electoral cycle, typology of elections, political development.

The article analyses the concept of the “electonic government” and proves its ideological character as the element of etatist discourse of “information society”. The author uses official sites of Russian governmental powers as the example.

Keywords: “Electronic government”, “information society”, etatist discourse, official sites of governmental powers.